Part I. Introduction and background : What is ... virtual reality? : The definition of virtual reality ; VR is communication ; What is VR good for? -- A history of VR : The 1800s ; The 1900s ; The 2000s -- An overview of various realities : Forms of reality ; Reality systems -- Immersion, presence, and reality trade-offs : Immersion ; Presence ; Illusions of presence ; Reality trade-offs -- The basics: design guidelines : Introduction and background ; VR is communication ; An overview of various realities ; Immersion, presence, and reality trade-offs. Read MorePart II. Perception : Objective and subjective ... reality : Reality is subjective ; Perceptual illusions -- Perceptual models and processes : Distal and proximal stimuli ; Sensation vs. perception ; Bottom-up and top-down processing ; Afference and efference ; Iterative perceptual processing ; The subconscious and conscious ; Visceral, behavioral, reflective, and emotional processes ; Mental models ; Neuro-linguistic programming -- Perceptual modalities : Sight ; Hearing ; Touch ; Proprioception ; Balance and physical motion ; Smell and taste ; Multimodal perceptions -- Perception of space and time : Space perception ; Time perception ; Motion perception -- Perceptual stability, attention, and action : Perceptual constancies ; Adaptation ; Attention ; Action -- Perception: design guidelines : Objective and subjective reality ; Perceptual models and processes ; Perceptual modalities ; Perception of space and time ; Perceptual stability, attention, and action. Read MorePart III. Adverse health effects : Motion sickness ... : Scene motion ; Motion sickness and vection ; Theories of motion sickness ; A unified model of motion sickness -- Eye strain, seizures, and aftereffects : Accommodation-vergence conflict ; Binocular-occlusion conflict ; Flicker ; Aftereffects -- Hardware challenges : Physical fatigue ; Headset fit ; Injury ; Hygiene -- Latency : Negative effects of latency ; Latency thresholds ; Delayed perception as a function of dark adaptation ; Sources of delay ; Timing analysis -- Measuring sickness : The Kennedy simulator sickness questionnaire ; Postural stability ; Physiological measures -- Summary of factors that contribute to adverse effects : System factors ; Individual user factors ; Application design factors ; Presence vs. motion sickness -- Examples of reducing adverse effects : Optimize adaptation ; Real-world stabilized cues ; Manipulate the world as an object ; Leading indicators ; Minimize visual accelerations and rotations ; Ratcheting ; Delay compensation ; Motion platforms ; Reducing gorilla arm ; Warning grids and fade-outs ; Medication -- Adverse health effects: design guidelines : Hardware ; System calibration ; Latency reduction ; General design ; Motion design ; Interaction design ; Usage ; Measuring sickness. Read MorePart IV. Content creation : High-level concepts of ... content creation : Experiencing the story ; The core experience ; Conceptual integrity ; Gestalt perceptual organization -- Environmental design : The scene ; Color and lighting ; Audio ; Sampling and aliasing ; Environmental wayfinding aids ; Real-world content -- Affecting behavior : Personal wayfinding aids ; Center of action ; Field of view ; Casual vs. high-end VR ; Characters, avatars, and social networking -- Transitioning to VR content creation : Paradigm shifts from traditional development to VR development ; Reusing existing content -- Content creation: design guidelines : High-level concepts of content creation ; Environmental design ; Affecting behavior ; Transitioning to VR content creation. Read MorePart V. Interaction : Human-centered interaction : ... Intuitiveness ; Norman's principles of interaction design ; Direct vs. indirect interaction ; The cycle of interaction ; The human hands -- VR interaction concepts : Interaction fidelity ; Proprioceptive and egocentric interaction ; Reference frames ; Speech and gestures ; Modes and flow ; Multimodal interaction ; Beware of sickness and fatigue ; Visual-physical conflict and sensory substitution -- Input devices : Input device characteristics ; Classes of hand input devices ; Classes of non-hand input devices -- Interaction patterns and techniques : Selection patterns ; Manipulation patterns ; Viewpoint control patterns ; Indirect control patterns ; Compound patterns -- Interaction: design guidelines : Human-centered interaction ; VR interaction concepts ; Input devices ; Interaction patterns and techniques. Read MorePart VI. Iterative design : Philosophy of ... iterative design : VR is both an art and a science ; Human-centered design ; Continuous discovery through iteration ; There is no one way, processes are project dependent ; Teams -- The define stage : The vision ; Questions ; Assessment and feasibility ; High-level design considerations ; Objectives ; Key players ; Time and costs ; Risks ; Assumptions ; Project constraints ; Personas ; User stories ; Storyboards ; Scope ; Requirements -- The make stage : Task analysis ; Design specification ; System considerations ; Simulation ; Networked environments ; Prototypes ; Final production ; Delivery -- The learn stage : Communication and attitude ; Research concepts ; Constructivist approaches ; The scientific method ; Data analysis -- Iterative design: design guidelines : Philosophy of iterative design ; The define stage ; The make stage ; The learn stage. Read MorePart VII. The future starts now : The present and ... future state of VR : Selling VR to the masses ; Culture of the VR community ; Communication ; Standards and open source ; Hardware ; The convergence of AR and VR -- Getting started -- Appendix A. Example questionnaire -- Appendix B. Example interview guidelines -- Glossary. Read More |
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