1. Anatomy and imaging -- What is anatomy? -- How ... can gross anatomy be studied? -- Important anatomical terms -- The anatomical position -- Anatomical planes -- Terms to describe location -- Imaging -- Diagnostic imaging techniques -- Plain radiography -- Ultrasound -- Doppler ultrasound -- Computed tomography -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Nuclear medicine imaging -- Positron emission tomography -- Image interpretation -- Plain radiography -- Chest radiograph -- Abdominal radiograph -- Gastrointestinal contrast examinations -- Urological contrast studies -- Computed tomography -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Nuclear medicine imaging -- Safety in imaging. Read More2. Back -- Conceptual overview -- General ... description -- Functions -- Support -- Movement -- Protection of the central and peripheral nervous systems -- Component parts -- Bones -- Muscles -- Vertebral canal -- Spinal nerves -- Dermatomes and myotomes -- Relationship to other regions -- Head -- Thorax, abdomen, and pelvis -- Limbs -- Key features -- Long vertebral column and short spinal cord -- Intervertebral foramina and spinal nerves -- Innervation of the back -- Regional anatomy -- Skeletal framework -- Vertebrae -- Intervertebral foramina -- Posterior spaces between vertebral arches -- Joints -- Synovial joints -- Solid joints -- Joints between vertebrae in the back -- Ligaments -- Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments -- Ligamenta flava -- Supraspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae -- Interspinous ligaments -- Back musculature -- Superficial group of back muscles -- Intermediate group of back muscles -- Deep group of back muscles -- Suboccipital muscles -- Introduction to the nervous system -- Central nervous system -- Arrangement of structures in the vertebral canal -- Peripheral nervous system -- Functional subdivisions of the CNS -- Somatic part of the nervous system -- Visceral part of the nervous system -- Nerve plexuses -- Referred pain -- Surface anatomy -- Back surface anatomy -- Absence of lateral curvatures -- Primary and secondary curvatures in the sagittal plane -- Useful nonvertebral skeletal landmarks -- How to identify specific vertebral spinous processes -- Visualizing the inferior ends of the spinal cord and subarachnoid space -- Identifying major muscles -- Clinical cases -- 10 short questions. Read More3. Thorax -- Conceptual overview -- General ... description -- Functions -- Breathing -- Protection of vital organs -- Conduit -- Component parts -- Thoracic wall -- Superior thoracic aperture -- Inferior thoracic aperture -- Diaphragm -- Mediastinum -- Pleural cavities -- Relationship to other regions -- Neck -- Upper limb -- Abdomen -- Breast -- Key features -- Vertebral level TIV/V -- Venous shunts from left to right -- Segmental neurovascular supply of thoracic wall -- Sympathetic system -- Flexible wall and inferior thoracic aperture -- Innervation of the diaphragm -- Regional anatomy -- Pectoral region -- Breast -- Muscles of the pectoral region -- Thoracic wall -- Skeletal framework -- Intercostal spaces -- Diaphragm -- Arterial supply -- Venous drainage -- Innervation -- Movements of the thoracic wall and diaphragm during breathing -- Pleural cavities -- Pleura -- Lungs -- Mediastinum -- Middle mediastinum -- Superior mediastinum -- Posterior mediastinum -- Anterior mediastinum -- Surface anatomy -- Thorax surface anatomy -- How to count ribs -- Surface anatomy of the breast in women -- Visualizing structures at the TIV/V vertebral level -- Visualizing structures in the superior mediastinum -- Visualizing the margins of the heart -- Where to listen for heart sounds -- Visualizing the pleural cavities and lungs, pleural recesses, and lung lobes and fissures -- Where to listen for lung sounds -- Clinical cases -- 10 short questions. 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Abdomen -- Conceptual overview -- General ... description -- Functions -- Houses and protects major viscera -- Breathing -- Changes in intra-abdominal pressure -- Component parts -- Wall -- Abdominal cavity -- Inferior thoracic aperture -- Diaphragm -- Pelvic inlet -- Relationship to other regions -- Thorax -- Pelvis -- Lower limb -- Key features -- Arrangement of abdominal viscera in the adult -- Skin and muscles of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall and thoracic intercostal nerves -- The groin is a weak area in the anterior abdominal wall -- Vertebral level LI -- The gastrointestinal system and its derivatives are supplied by three major arteries -- Venous shunts from left to right -- All venous drainage from the gastrointestinal system passes through the liver -- Abdominal viscera are supplied by a large prevertebral plexus -- Regional anatomy -- Surface topography -- Four-quadrant pattern -- Nine-region organizational pattern -- Abdominal wall -- Superficial fascia -- Anterolateral muscles -- Extraperitoneal fascia -- Peritoneum -- Innervation -- Arterial supply and venous drainage -- Lymphatic drainage -- Groin -- Inguinal canal -- Abdominal viscera -- Peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity -- Organs -- Arterial supply -- Venous drainage -- Lymphatics -- Innervation -- Posterior abdominal region -- Posterior abdominal wall -- Viscera -- Vasculature -- Lymphatic system -- Nervous system in the posterior abdominal region -- Surface anatomy -- Abdomen surface anatomy -- Defining the surface projection of the abdomen -- How to find the superficial inguinal ring -- How to determine lumbar vertebral levels -- Visualizing structures at the LI vertebral level -- Visualizing the position of major blood vessels -- Using abdominal quadrants to locate major viscera -- Defining surface regions to which pain from the gut is referred -- Where to find the kidneys -- Where to find the spleen -- Clinical cases -- 10 short questions. Read More5. Pelvis and perineum -- Conceptual overview -- ... General introduction -- Functions -- Contain and support bladder, rectum, anal canal, and reproductive tracts -- Anchors the roots of the external genitalia -- Component parts -- Pelvic inlet -- Pelvic walls -- Pelvic outlet -- Pelvic floor -- Pelvic cavity -- Perineum -- Relationship to other regions -- Abdomen -- Lower limb -- Key features -- The pelvic cavity projects posteriorly -- Important structures cross the ureters in the pelvic cavity -- The prostate is anterior to rectum -- The perineum is innervated by sacral spinal cord segments -- Nerves are related to bone -- Parasympathetic nerve from spinal cord levels S2 to S4 control erection -- Muscles and fascia of the pelvic floor and perineum intersect at the perineal body -- Gender determines the course of the urethra -- Regional anatomy -- Bones -- Joints -- Orientation -- Gender differences -- True pelvis -- Viscera -- Fascia -- Peritoneum -- Nerves -- Blood vessels -- Lymphatics -- Perineum -- Borders and ceiling -- Ischio-anal fossae and their anterior recesses -- Anal triangle -- Urogenital triangle -- Somatic nerves -- Visceral nerves -- Blood vessels -- Veins -- Lymphatics -- Surface anatomy -- Surface anatomy of the pelvis and perineum -- Orientation of the pelvis and perineum in the anatomic position -- How to define the margins of the perineum -- Identification of structures in the anal triangle -- Identification of structures in the urogenital triangle of women -- Identification of structures in the urogenital triangle of men -- Clinical cases -- 10 short questions. Read More6. Lower limb -- Conceptual overview -- General ... description -- Function -- Support the body weight -- Locomotion -- Component parts -- Bones and joints -- Muscles -- Relationship to other regions -- Abdomen -- Pelvis -- Perineum -- Key parts -- Innervation is by lumbar and sacral spinal nerves -- Nerves related to bone -- Superficial veins -- Regional anatomy -- Transition from abdomen and pelvis to lower limb -- Bony pelvis -- Proximal femur -- Hip joint -- Gateways to the lower limb -- Nerves -- Arteries -- Veins -- Lymphatics -- Deep fascia and the saphenous opening -- Femoral triangle -- Gluteal region -- Muscles -- Nerves -- Arteries -- Veins -- Lymphatics -- Thigh -- Bones -- Muscles -- Arteries -- Veins -- Nerves -- Knee joint -- Tibiofibular joint -- Popliteal fossa -- Leg -- Bones -- Joints -- Posterior compartment of leg -- Lateral compartment of leg -- Anterior compartment of leg -- Foot -- Bones -- Joints -- Tarsal tunnel, retinacula and arrangement of major structures at the ankle -- Arches of the foot -- Longitudinal arch -- Transverse arch -- Ligament and muscle support -- Plantar aponeurosis -- Fibrous sheaths of toes -- Extensor hoods -- Intrinsic muscles -- Arteries -- Veins -- Nerves -- Surface anatomy -- Lower limb surface anatomy -- Avoiding the sciatic nerve -- Finding the femoral artery in the femoral triangle -- Identifying structures around the knee -- Visualizing the contents of the popliteal fossa -- Finding the tarsal tunnel, the gateway to the foot -- Identifying tendons around the ankle and in the foot -- Finding the dorsalis pedis artery -- Approximating the position of the plantar arterial arch -- Major superficial veins -- Pulse points -- Clinical cases -- 10 short questions. Read More7. Upper limb -- Conceptual overview -- General ... description -- Functions -- Positioning the hand -- The hand as a mechanical tool -- The hand as a sensory tool -- Component parts -- Bones and joints -- Muscles -- Relationship to other regions -- Neck -- Back and thoracic wall -- Key points -- Innervation by cervical and upper thoracic nerves -- Nerves related to bone -- Superficial veins -- Orientation of the thumb -- Regional anatomy -- Shoulder -- Bones -- Clavicle -- Scapula -- Proximal humerus -- Joints -- Sternoclavicular joint -- Acromioclavicular joint -- Glenohumeral joint -- Muscles -- Trapezius -- Deltoid -- Levator scapulae -- Rhomboid minor and major -- Posterior scapular region -- Muscles -- Gateways to the posterior scapular region -- Nerves -- Arteries and veins -- Axilla -- Axillary inlet -- Anterior wall -- Medial wall -- Lateral wall -- Posterior wall -- Gateways in the posterior wall -- Floor -- Contents -- Arm -- Bones -- Muscles -- Arteries and veins -- Nerves -- Elbow joint -- Cubital fossa -- Forearm -- Bones -- Joints -- Anterior compartment -- Posterior compartment -- Hand -- Bones -- Joints -- Carpal tunnel and structures at the wrist -- Palmar aponeurosis -- Palmaris brevis -- Anatomical snuffbox -- Fibrous digital sheaths -- Extensor hoods -- Muscles -- Arteries and veins -- Nerves -- Surface anatomy -- Upper limb surface anatomy -- Bony landmarks and muscles of the posterior scapular region -- Visualizing the axilla and locating contents and related structures -- Locating the brachial artery in the arm -- The triceps brachii tendon and position of the radial nerve -- Cubital fossa (anterior view) -- Identifying tendons and locating major vessels and nerves in the distal forearm -- Normal appearance of the hand -- Position of the flexor retinaculum and the recurrent branch of the median nerve -- Motor function of the median and ulnar nerves in the hand -- Visualizing the positions of the superficial and deep palmer arches -- Pulse points -- Clinical cases -- 10 short questions. Read More8. Head and neck -- Conceptual overview -- General ... description -- Head -- Neck -- Functions -- Protection -- Contains upper parts of respiratory and digestive tracts -- Communication -- Positioning the head -- Connects the upper and lower respiratory and digestive tracts -- Component parts -- Skull -- Cervical vertebrae -- Hyoid bone -- Soft palate -- Muscles -- Relationship to other regions -- Thorax -- Upper limbs -- Key features -- Vertebral levels CIII/IV and CV/VI -- Airway in the neck -- Cranial nerves -- Cervical nerves -- Functional separation of the digestive and respiratory passages -- Triangles of the neck -- Regional anatomy -- Skull -- Anterior view -- Lateral view -- Posterior view -- Superior view -- Inferior view -- Cranial cavity -- Roof -- Floor -- Meninges -- Cranial dura mater -- Arachnoid mater -- Pia mater -- Arrangement of meninges and spaces -- Brain and its blood supply -- Brain -- Blood supply -- Venous drainage -- Cranial nerves -- Olfactory nerve [I] -- Optic nerve [II] -- Oculomotor nerve [III] -- Trochlear nerve [IV] -- Trigeminal nerve [V] -- Abducent nerve [VI] -- Facial nerve [VII] -- Vestibulocochlear nerve [VIII] -- Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX] -- Vagus nerve [X] -- Accessory nerve [XI] -- Hypoglossal nerve [XII] -- Face -- Muscles -- Parotid gland -- Innervation -- Vessels -- Scalp -- Layers -- Innervation -- Vessels -- Orbit -- Bony orbit -- Eyelids -- Lacrimal apparatus -- Fissures and foramina -- Fascial specializations -- Muscles -- Vessels -- Innervation -- Eyeball -- Ear -- External ear -- Middle ear -- Internal ear -- Temporal and infratemporal fossae -- Bony framework -- Temporomandibular joints -- Masseter muscle -- Temporal fossa -- Infratemporal fossa -- Pterygopalatine fossa -- Skeletal framework -- Gateways -- Contents -- Neck -- Fascia -- Superficial venous drainage -- Anterior triangle of the neck -- Posterior triangle of the neck -- Root of the neck -- Pharynx -- Skeletal framework -- Pharyngeal wall -- Fascia -- Gaps between muscles in the pharyngeal wall -- Nasopharynx -- Oropharynx -- Laryngopharynx -- Tonsils -- Vessels -- Nerves -- Larynx -- Laryngeal cartilages -- Extrinsic ligaments -- Intrinsic ligaments -- Laryngeal joints -- Cavity of the larynx -- Intrinsic muscles -- Function of the larynx -- Vessels -- Nerves -- Nasal cavities -- Lateral wall -- Regions -- Innervation and blood supply -- Skeletal framework -- External nose -- Paranasal sinuses -- Walls, floor, and roof -- Nares -- Choanae -- Gateways -- Vessels -- Innervation -- Oral cavity -- Multiple nerves innervate the oral cavity -- Skeletal framework -- Walls : the cheeks -- Floor -- Tongue -- Salivary glands -- Roof, palate -- Oral fissure and lips -- Oropharyngeal isthmus -- Teeth and gingivae -- Surface anatomy -- Head and neck surface anatomy -- Anatomical position of the head and major landmarks -- Visualizing structures at the CIII/CIV and CVI vertebral levels -- How to outline the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck -- How to locate the cricothyroid ligament -- How to find the thyroid gland -- Estimating the position of the middle meningeal artery -- Major features of the face -- The eye and lacrimal apparatus -- External ear -- Pulse points -- Clinical cases -- 10 short questions. 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